The Basilica Cistern, known locally as the "Yerebatan Sarnıcı," is one of Istanbul’s most remarkable and mysterious landmarks. Located in the heart of the city, near the Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque, the cistern is an ancient underground reservoir built during the Byzantine era. With its majestic columns, eerie atmosphere, and historical significance, the Basilica Cistern offers a unique glimpse into Istanbul’s past, making it a must-visit attraction for history enthusiasts and curious travelers alike.
How to Reach Basilica Cistern, Istanbul
Located in the Sultanahmet district of Istanbul, the Basilica Cistern is easily accessible via various means of transportation. Here are the best ways to reach the cistern:
- By Tram: The T1 tram line stops at the Sultanahmet station, which is only a short walk from the Basilica Cistern. After getting off at Sultanahmet, you can easily walk to the entrance in about 5 minutes.
- By Metro: Take the M2 metro line to the Vezneciler station and transfer to the T1 tram line at the Aksaray station. From there, get off at the Sultanahmet station and walk to the cistern.
- By Taxi: Taxis are widely available throughout Istanbul. You can take a taxi directly to Sultanahmet, and the Basilica Cistern is located within walking distance from the main square in the district.
- By Foot: If you are staying in the Sultanahmet area, the Basilica Cistern is within easy walking distance from other major attractions such as the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and the Topkapi Palace.
Weather Around Basilica Cistern
The weather in Istanbul can greatly influence your visit to the Basilica Cistern, as the underground location offers a cool, shaded escape from the city’s heat in the summer. Here’s an overview of the seasons:
- Spring (March to May): Spring is one of the best times to visit the Basilica Cistern as the temperatures are mild, ranging between 10°C (50°F) and 20°C (68°F). It’s comfortable for sightseeing, and you’ll avoid the summer crowds.
- Summer (June to August): Summer in Istanbul can be hot, with temperatures reaching 30°C (86°F) or more. The Basilica Cistern offers a cool and refreshing break from the summer heat, making it a great spot for a visit during the warm months.
- Fall (September to November): Fall offers pleasant weather with temperatures ranging from 15°C (59°F) to 25°C (77°F). It’s an ideal time to visit, as the weather is comfortable, and the crowds begin to thin out.
- Winter (December to February): Winter in Istanbul can be chilly, with temperatures averaging between 5°C (41°F) and 10°C (50°F). Although it’s the off-peak tourist season, the Basilica Cistern remains an enchanting spot to explore in the cooler months.
Timing for Visiting Basilica Cistern, Istanbul
The Basilica Cistern is open every day of the week, and it’s a popular spot for tourists. Here are the details for visiting:
- Opening Hours: The Basilica Cistern is open daily from 9:00 AM to 7:00 PM. The last entry is at 6:30 PM, so make sure to arrive earlier to fully enjoy the experience.
- Best Time to Visit: Early mornings and late afternoons are the best times to visit the Basilica Cistern to avoid crowds. The attraction tends to be less crowded right after opening or just before closing time.
Why Basilica Cistern is Famous
The Basilica Cistern is famous for several reasons that make it stand out among Istanbul’s many historical sites:
- Historical Significance: Built in the 6th century during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, the cistern was constructed to provide water to the Great Palace of Constantinople and other important buildings in the area. It was a vital part of the city's water supply system and demonstrates the engineering prowess of the Byzantine Empire.
- Impressive Architecture: The Basilica Cistern is famous for its grand, columned interior. The cistern is supported by 336 columns, most of which are made of marble. These columns are arranged in 12 rows, and some of them are thought to have been repurposed from older Roman buildings.
- Medusa Heads: Among the most famous features of the cistern are two Medusa heads, used as column bases at the far end of the cistern. The exact origin of these heads is unknown, but their eerie presence adds to the mystique of the site.
- Mystical Atmosphere: The dimly lit interior, with the sound of water trickling below and the reflections of the columns in the water, creates a unique and almost mystical atmosphere that attracts visitors from around the world.
Entry and Visit Details About Basilica Cistern
Visiting the Basilica Cistern is an enchanting experience, and it’s important to know the details before you go:
- Entry Fees: The entry fee for the Basilica Cistern is around 20 Turkish Lira (subject to change). The ticket includes entry to the cistern and access to the beautifully restored interior.
- Audio Guides: Audio guides are available in multiple languages and provide insightful information about the history and significance of the cistern. You can also take a guided tour to learn more about the hidden stories behind this fascinating site.
- Dress Code: There is no specific dress code for visiting the Basilica Cistern, but it’s recommended to wear comfortable shoes as you’ll be walking through the cool, damp environment. The cistern is well-lit, but it can be slightly slippery, so be cautious while walking around.
- Accessibility: The cistern is accessible to most visitors, including those with mobility issues, although the floors can be slippery. There are stairs and ramps available for easier access, but if you have limited mobility, it’s best to check with the staff before your visit.
History and Architecture of Basilica Cistern
The Basilica Cistern was built in 532 AD during the reign of Emperor Justinian I as part of his ambitious program to rebuild Constantinople. The cistern was designed to store water for the Great Palace of Constantinople and other important structures in the area. The construction of the cistern demonstrates the advanced engineering skills of the Byzantine Empire, as it was designed to hold around 80,000 cubic meters of water.
Architecturally, the Basilica Cistern is a masterpiece of Byzantine design. It is rectangular in shape, with dimensions of 138 meters by 65 meters. The cistern is supported by 336 columns, each made of marble, and arranged in 12 rows. Some of the columns were taken from earlier Roman buildings, adding a historical dimension to the structure. The columns are topped with a variety of capitals, some of which are Corinthian-style, while others are more basic and plain.
The most striking feature of the cistern is the two Medusa heads that serve as column bases at one end of the structure. The heads are thought to have been repurposed from earlier Roman buildings and have become one of the most famous aspects of the cistern. The Medusa heads are displayed upside down and sideways, which adds to their enigmatic and mysterious appeal.
Things to Do in and Around Basilica Cistern
While visiting the Basilica Cistern is a highlight in itself, there are many things to do in the surrounding area:
- Visit the Hagia Sophia: Located just a short walk from the Basilica Cistern, the Hagia Sophia is one of Istanbul’s most famous landmarks. Originally a cathedral, later a mosque, and now a museum, the Hagia Sophia is a fascinating blend of Christian and Islamic history.
- Explore the Blue Mosque: The Blue Mosque, also known as the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, is another nearby attraction. Famous for its stunning blue tiles and impressive architecture, it is one of Istanbul’s most important religious landmarks.
- Walk through Sultanahmet Square: Sultanahmet Square is the heart of Istanbul’s historic district. It is surrounded by many important monuments, including the Basilica Cistern, Hagia Sophia, and the Blue Mosque. Take time to explore the square and its surrounding streets.
Facts and Tips About Basilica Cistern
- Did You Know? The Basilica Cistern is one of over 100 cisterns beneath Istanbul, many of which are still in use today. The cisterns were part of an extensive underground water system built to supply water to the city in times of siege.
- Tip: Be sure to visit early in the day or later in the afternoon to avoid the crowds. The cistern is one of the most popular attractions in Istanbul, and visiting during off-peak hours allows for a more peaceful experience.
- Photography: The Basilica Cistern is an atmospheric place, so bring your camera to capture the beautiful columns reflected in the water. Be sure to use a low-light setting on your camera, as the lighting inside is dim.
- Stay Safe: The floors of the cistern can be slippery, so take care while walking around. Wear sturdy shoes to ensure you stay safe while exploring the site.
